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Paper Tape - A skinny
roll of tape used to tape down the ends of film when editing, called paper
tape to distinguish it from splicing tape. (It should not be used
for raw stock.)
Pan - A horizontal camera move
on an axis, from right to left or left to right. In a pan the camera is
turning on an axis rather than across space, as in a dolly shot. Not to be
confused with Tilt,
technically it is not correct to say “pan up” or “pan down,” when you
really mean tilt.
Parallel Editing - The
technique of intercutting between two simultaneous stories or
scenes.
Perf - Perforations. The sprocket holes
in a piece of film.
Pigeon - This is a heavy
round disc with a lighting stud, used to position a light on the floor,
much lower than a stand will go. Basically, it is a Hi Hat for
lights.
Pilottone - A 60 Hz reference
signal recorded onto the audio tape to allow transfer to mag precisely at
sound speed, used for Sync
Sound filming. (In Europe in it is 50Hz.)
Pitch - This is the distance between perforations along
a roll of film. Print
Stock has a slightly longer pitch than camera stock.
Picture - The workprint, to distinguish it from the
mag tracks.
Pix - An abbreviation for Picture
used on the leader.
Photo Flood - A photo
flood is a high power screw-in light bulb that is often used in with a
clamp light fixture. Photo floods are usually anywhere from 250 watts to
500 watts.
Plastic Leader - This is leader
for putting at the head and tail of a print. It is, as one would guess,
made out of plastic, and is more durable than Emulsion
Leader and much less expensive, and so it is the better choice for
a print. However, it cannot be Cement
Spliced, so it should not used for your negative.
Polyester Base - Polyester base is a very durable
type of film, that is virtually unrippable. Some people claim that it is
harder to splice, but that is more a matter of getting used to the
technique. Significantly, it cannot be Cement
Spliced, making it impractical as original material (also, its
durability could spell disaster for the delicate mechanism of a camera in
the event of a jam). However, its durability makes it very advantageous
for release prints.
P.O.V. Shot - Point of View
Shot. A shot from the perspective of one of the characters, as if the
audience were seeing the scene from their eyes. It is often important to
get a Reaction
Shot to establish that any given shot really is a P.O.V.
Practical - A practical is any photo flood-type of
bulb, used within the shot, in a household lamp or otherwise visible. The
term practical is sometimes used interchangeably with photo flood, even
though it specifically refers to a light used in the shot.
Preroll - Preroll is extra time at the beginning of a
sound take to accommodate the slow lock-up time of some post production
time code devices.
Pressure Plate - Part of
the internal workings of a camera, the pressure plate is located on the
other side of the film from the gate. It is a smooth, spring-loaded plate
that holds the film on the film plane and acts as a brake, helping to hold
the film steady while it is exposed.
Prime
Lens - A prime lens is one with a single focal length, wide, normal or
telephoto, as opposed to a Zoom
Lens, which has a variable focal length. They often come in a set
of different focal lengths. Prime lenses tend to be sharper, faster and
will often focus closer than zoom lenses.
Print - 1.: A copy of another piece of film,
typically made by Contact
Printing. 2.: As a verb, to make a print.
Print Stock - Film used by the lab for making
copies (prints). It is usually of a longer pitch than camera stock
so as to be smoothly sandwiched against the camera stock on the printing
machine. It is also much slower (with an A.S.A. of about 12) than camera
stock, as light is less of a problem in printing than it is when it is
being focused through a lens in a camera.
Printer’s Sync - This is the offsetting of sound
26 frames earlier than picture, corresponding to the distance between the
sound reader and the gate of the projector. To be in sync on a projector
all prints are lined up in printer’s sync. Usually the lab lines up the
sound and picture in printer’s sync, putting the beep on the track 26
frames earlier than the “2” in the Academy Leader. This is known as
pulling up the sound. If there was some reason for you to line up the
sound yourself, it is very important to label the sync mark “printer’s
sync” so that the sound is not accidentally pulled up twice.
Production Sound - This is the sync sound, or any
other sort of wild track or room tone that was recorded at the shoot. The
term is used in sound editing to distinguish between added backgrounds and
effects and those from the shoot.
Projection Sync - Same as Printer’s
Sync.
Pull Down - A transfer of
sound slowed down from film speed, 24 film frames per second, to video
speed, 29.97 video frames per second, which is the equivalent of 23.98
film frames per second. This must be done to line it up with a video
transfer of picture when transferring sync sound to video.
Pulldown Claw - The pulldown claw is part of the
camera movement, which advances the film from the exposed frame to the
next unexposed frame while the camera’s shutter is closed.
Pull Processing - Pull processing is a special type of
processing where the film is developed for a shorter time than normal,
usually to make up for intended overexposure.
Pull Up - This term can be a little confusing since it
has three meanings that both apply to sound. 1.: The process of
offsetting the sound 26 frames ahead of picture when making a print (see
Printer’s
Sync). 2.: Pull Ups, as a noun, are transfers of the
first 26 frames of sound from a reel that are spliced onto the outgoing
sound of the previous reel so that sound is not lost when the film is
printed with the sound pulled up, since 26 frames of sound are cut off
when reels are joined. 3.: A transfer of the sound from a video,
sped up from video speed, 29.97 video frames per second, which is the
equivalent of 23.98 film frames per second, to film speed, 24 film frames
per second. This must be done when the optical track is made after having
mixed in video.
Push Processing - Push
processing is a special type of processing where the film is developed for
a longer time than normal, usually to make up for intended underexposure.
It should be noted that only entire rolls can be pushed, not individual
scenes. Pushing film will add some contrast and graininess.
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